T1

A leased-line specification providing for 24 frames with an aggregate bandwidth of up to 1.544Mbps.

See also E1

T3

A leased-line specification providing for an aggregate bandwidth of 44.746Mbps.

TACACS

Terminal Access Control Access Control System. An obsolete standard for authentication, TACAS was commonly used on Cisco and other terminal servers and routers. TACACS was defined in RFC 1492, and is superseded by TACACS+ and RADIUS.

TACACS+

Terminal Access Control Access Control System, TACACS+ adds enhanced support for challenge-response authentication and encrypted communication between the client and server.

See also AAA> and RADIUS.

Tar

A program used to create a single file archive from several files, often used to distribute programs for Unix. The Unix command has many options.

Terabyte

A unit of measurement of data storage capacity, a terabyte is 1,000 gigabytes, or approximately 1.0485760e12. (cole)

Terminal

Any display unit or host used interactively. Generally used to refer to a serially connected text-only remote access device.

Terminal Server

A network device used to connect multiple terminals or other remote devices to a network.

See also: NAS and RAS.

TCP/IP

Acronym for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, a Networking standard commonly used on the Internet.

Telnet

A communications protocol for connecting to other computers locally or across the Internet.

TFTP

Trivial File Transfer Protocol, this is a simplified version of FTP without authentication and many other basic features. Often used for booting devices over a network.

TGP

Acronym for "Thumbnail Gallery Post", a HTML page containing a number of small, 'thumbnail images, usually pornographic, designed to entice the viewer to pay for access to access to high-resolution versions of the same or similar images.

Throbber

The animated download 'working' icon in the upper right corner of most graphical web browsers.

Thumbnail,

A thumbnail image is a reduced-size version of a larger image, usually smaller in not only bytes and pixels, but also reduced resolution and colors. Generally used to provide an easy visual index to a group of pictures, often as part of a 'contact sheet' or TGP,

TIA

An acronym for The Internet Adapter, a program that allows pseudo- SLIP connections from a normal shell account. Also used to mean 'Thanks in Advance'. The program TIA has been discontinued, superceded by SLiRP is a free program that performs a similar function.

See also: TCP/IP, Internet.

TMK

Shorthand for To My Knowledge

See also: ROTFL, IMHO.

Traceroute

Similar to ping, traceroute shows the route to a selected host (note that the route to a host may differ from the route from a host) with the time required for a packet to get to each intermediate host or router.

Trunk

An unswitched line between telephone or long-distance company offices, used to carry voice, data, or billing information. (suess)

Twin-Ax

Similar to coax, but with two internal conductors, Twinaxial cable is the standard for connecting IBM 3270 terminals.UCE

Unsolicted Commercial Email, one form of SPAM.

UDP

Acronym for User Datagram Protocal, a simple connectionless TCP service.

UNIX

A popular multi-user operating system, the name is a play on an even older system, MULTICS.

URL

An acronym for Uniform Resource Locator, URL's are a standardized format for giving a pointer to information available from gopher,WWW, finger and other servers A Primer explaining the use of URL's is available. Defined in RFC 1738, they were extended to include relative (short) URLs in RFC 1808.

Usenet News

A network of systems that exchange articles using NNTP, UUCP, and other protocols to establish public message conferences on some or all of over 10,000 topics or newsgroups. There are many common news readers, some that can run on your home computer via SLIP and the Unix newsreaders, tin, trn, and nn.

USB

Universal Serial Bus. A serial communications standard available on new Macintosh and PC systems, this is a 12Mbps bus. The USB standard provides for up to 127 devices on a single bus, there are fewer than a dozen different USB devices on the market.

UUCP

An acronym for Unix to Unix CoPy, UUCP is a protocol used for the store-and-forward exchange of mail, Usenet News and other files, usually over a modem.

UUEncode

A popular method of exchanging binary files in Mail and via Usenet News the uuencode program converts a binary file into a (larger) file of alphanumeric characters that will not be corrupted when sent as a text file. UUEncode is available as a Unix command as well as MS-DOS and Macintosh versions. To convert the file back to the original binary form you can use the uudecode program or the popular Unix extraction program uuconvert.

V.90

The new 56k analog modem standard as defined by the Veronica

Very Easy Rodent Oriented Net-wide Index to Computerized Archives, A program to track down information from Gopher databases.

Virtual

Virtual items have no direct corresponding physical equivalent, for example most computers have one or more physical hard drives, on which can be defined a number of virtual storage areas called partitions.

Van-Jacobson Compression

A form of IP header compression used for SLIP connections

VLSM

Variable Length Subnet Masks are a mechanism for providing subnets of different sizes within a single IP block. Implemented in the OSPF routing protocol.

VPN

Virtual Private Network, the concept of using the internet or other 'public' carriers as transit for private network traffic, usually in encrypted form.

VRML

Virtual Reality Modeling Language, a means of specifying three-dimensional environments, primarily used for web sites. For more information, see The VRML Repository. (ignacio)

WAN

Acronym for Wide Area Network, which is generally a network connecting several physically distant locations, as opposed to a LAN. The Internet is an example of a worldwide WAN.

Warez

A newbie term for pirated computer software, generally distributed via BBS systems, Usenet News and other electronic means. (anonymous)

Watermark

A hidden trademark or other identifying information embedded in a file allowing for the tracking of illegal distribution of copyrighted data.

See also: Steganography.

Webster(tm)

A type of dictionary server available at many educational sites, public servers were common until copyright concerns caused most of them to be closed to outside access.

World-Wide-Web

A distributed hypertext information system that uses HTTP to retrieve text and graphics, often erroneously referred to by the name of one type of browser, Mosaic.

X11

One of the most popular implementations of the X-Window system, X11 is supported by the Open Group X Project team.

X.25

A packet-switched data network.

X.400

A CCITT standard for mail formats.

X.400 A communications network tool. X.400 defines a message transfer protocol with advanced access control and accounting features

X.500

A directory system, X.500 is being superseded by more modern LDAP systems.

X-Modem

One of the earliest reliable file transfer protocols, Xmodem was written in 1977 by Ward Christiansen for use on the first BBS.

See also Ymodem and Zmodem.

X-Window

A network-based GUI designed for Unix systems, there are thousands of free applications available as source code and compiled executables for X-Window compatible systems, including PC-based X-terminal emulators. X-Windowing systems are interesting in that they reverse the usual client- server metaphor.

Yellow Book The international standard defining the physical properties of a CD-ROM disk.

Y-Modem

A file transfer protocol based on X-Modem, Y-Modem was designed by Chuck Forsberg to add batch transmission, and variable block size.

See Also Xmodem and Ymodem.

YP

Yellow Pages, the original name for the NIS system before British Telecom asserted their trademark.

Zip

A compression and archiving format made popular on the MS-DOS/PC platform with the PKzip software, Zip offers one of the best compression ratios of the popular formats.

Z-Modem

A file transfer protocol based on X-Modem, Y-Modem was designed by Chuck Forsberg to add batch transmission, and variable block size.

See Also Xmodem and Ymodem.

Zone

An area under a particular administrative or other control, for example a domain name is a 'zone' in the name server configuration. Generally a zone can be further divided into subzones with authority delegated to their own administrators and servers.

Zoo

A compression and archiving format made popular on the Amiga system, zoo is available in public-domain executables for most major operating systems.

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